Flowchart and entropy

Sorry about the quality, if you cant read it the text, the first four diamonds saw "Is it greater than" and then "89, 74, 59, and 44" respectively. The last one says "is it less than 44?" Finally the bottom squares say "Return" and "A, B, C, D, and F" respectively. Otherwise it shouldn't be too hard to read.

Hartley's measure deals with simple yes and no question's to measure information using a log with a base of 2
Shannon's entropy uses a weighted measure using probabilities and a log of base 2.
Both measures remove uncertainty to measure information.

My first Excel (Lab 9)

Yes, its odd, this is my very first time actually using excel for anything useful. And once I figured out all the little intricacies, its quite a powerful device. I learned that linear regression was a statistical analysis of data, I had previously known how to calculate slopes and intercepts, but I did not know about r and how to calculate it and use it for linear regression. This is a powerful tool in inductive modeling for it shows the difference between what is expected (ideal) and what is actual.

Histogram

This is the Histogram for Lab 8.

Logic Gate 2

This is the second logic gate for Lab 6. It includes two switches, A and B. Both are connected to an AND which is connected to a NOT to the first output. Then the Opposites of A and B (A' and B')(also known as the NOTS of A and B) are connected to an OR. Truth Table:

A	B	¬A	¬B	A+B	¬A+¬B	A∧B	¬(A∧B)
0	0	1	1	0	1	0	1
0	1	1	0	1	1	0	1
1	0	0	1	1	1	0	1
1	1	0	0	1	0	1	0

It can be plainly seen that ¬A+¬B = ¬(A∧B) showing that De Morgan's Law is true.

Logic Gate 1

Here is the first logic gate for Lab 6. It includes 2 switches a XOR, a NOT, ending with an output. Truth Table:

A	B	A⊕B	¬A⊕B
0	0	0	1
0	1	1	0
1	0	1	0
1	1	0	1

This circuit contains the exclusive or (XOR) which works the same way as a normal or (the output is one if either switch is activated) however the XOR does not produce an output if both A and B are active.

Binary and Decimals

To convert 110010101 to decimal I first have to separate each position and define them by the base of 2:

1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
2^8 2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0

Then, where ever there is a one, I use the 2^n below it, and add them all together:

256 + 128 + 0 + 0 + 16 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 405

110010101 = 405

Next, I must convert 529 into Binary. So Im going to map it out like before, just using the powers of 2, starting arbitrarily from 2^9, just to go another step just in case:

2^9 2^8 2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0
512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Now, using these numbers, 529 can be made from adding 512+16+1, so the Binary representation will be 1000010001

529 = 1000010001

The difference between positional and non-positional number systems is the following:

A Positional Number System is one where the position of a number is related to the next by a constant multiplier. For example, in decimal the multiplier, or base, is ten. That is to say, the first position is represented by 10^0, the next 10^1, etc etc.

A Non-Positional Number system is one where the number of symbols represent the number. For example, say the smbol is *, in a Non-Positional Number System, * = 1, **=2, ***=3, and so on.

Global Swarming

Simple rules do seem to beget complex results when iterated over and over again. A honeycomb would not be so complex without so many bees, all at once, following their seemingly simple rules. It makes sense that the same concept could work to track consumer trends. Some of these other things, like a road that works like the Internet, honestly, seem very unlikely. That would be very...I don't know, awkward, for people are always on the road, and if it were to change while people were on it...it would cause all sorts of problems. I don't much understand what Clark was saying about search engines...kind of confusing, not much to say on that then.